HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY

LEBEDEVA, V.A. (2013) HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY. Научно-практический журнал “Вестник КазНМУ” (3). ISSN 9965-01-300-4 (In Press)

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Abstract

Lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, related to malignant lymphomas, is approximately 12-15% of all malignancies in children. This pathology is registered at any age, but there are two peaks of increasing the incidence of Hodgkin's disease: it is 4-6 years and 12-14 years. At the age of 3 Hodgkin's disease is extremely rare. Boys up to 7 years develop 2-3 times more often than girls, but somewhere in the 15-16 years the ratio evens out. Neither the etiology or pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease to date not finalized. Presumably plays a role virus having low virulence and immunosuppressive properties (e.g., type of Epstein-Barr virus). The disease itself is the nature of a unitsentrichny the further spread of metastatic process in the body by, mainly lymphogenous and partly haematogenously. It appears that the tumor comes from the T-lymphoid tissue, thereby increasing immunodeficiency causes. The main histological features are the Berezovsky-Sternberg cells with such properties as aneuploidy and clonality. The most constant objective symptom of Hodgkin's disease - is swelling of the lymph nodes: in the vast majority (60 - 80%) of the Вестник КазНМУ, №3 (2) - 2013 4 www.kaznmu.kz primarily affects the neck, the other less. Enlarged lymph nodes are dense to the touch, painless, between themselves and the surrounding tissues are not soldered can be single or multiple, resembling a potato sack. They are usually the first to notice, or the patient himself, or his parents. At the same time characterized by a lack of regional inflammatory process that can explain the available lymphadenopathy. ften prolonged asymptomatic against satisfactory condition involved mediastinal lymph nodes. During this period they are detected on chest radiography performed for another reason. Then a cough (often dry), shortness of breath and other symptoms caused by compression of the trachea and / or bronchi, the superior vena cava. Retroperitoneal lymph nodes can be affected, various internal organs, most often spleen, liver, bone marrow, lung and bone. Condition of children with Hodgkin's disease, a long time may be relatively satisfactory. The most common non-specific complaints of general weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, weight loss, sweating, low-grade fever. Analysis of peripheral blood are often uninformative. Marked leukocytosis, lymphopenia, eosinophilia. May increase the ESR. Anemia and thrombocytopenia are usually found only in disseminated form of the disease. To estimate the level of diagnosis haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, α-globulin, and fibrinogen. Hodgkin's disease is verified only on the basis of histological confirmation process. Increased peripheral lymph nodes necessarily subjected to biopsy. Treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children regardless of the stage of starting with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy graduate. The majority of patients in stages I-II Hodgkin's disease are cured in the III-IV - the survival rate is 85%. Patients are under medical supervision, attending hematologist in the first two years, one every three months, and then one every six months. This tactic is because 95% is observed relapses during the first two years.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: lymphoma, diagnosis, treatment
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Научно-практический журнал "Вестник КазНМУ" > Выпуск №2 2013 год
Depositing User: Mr Press KazNMU
Date Deposited: 26 Jun 2013 10:20
Last Modified: 26 Jun 2013 10:20
URI: http://repository.kaznmu.kz/id/eprint/8265

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